For a second-order observation, the question is not 'What is there?' but 'How does the observer construct what he constructs?' It asks the question 'What are the distinctions that are used by the observed-observer?' (see Kaufmann 2007).
It reproduces the first-order observations of the along-dip rupture process during its initial 100 s, such as large static slip and low-frequency radiation up-dip from the hypocenter, and slow rupture punctuated by high-frequency radiation in deeper regions.
The simulation successfully reproduces the following first-order observations of the rupture process of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake: a large portion of the final slip in the shallower region, the spatial separation between sources of low-frequency and high-frequency slip, and a period of slow down-dip rupture propagation punctuated by high-frequency bursts.
For fifth or higher birth orders, observations were few and no significant discrepancies were found.
First ordering observations according to the unique identifier of household used in the survey, and second according to the household assets index.
They are more on the order of observations.
In contrast to random sampling, time series are characterised by a non-incidental order of observations.
Analytically, this involved randomizing the order of observations in the second column for each comparison.
Comparing permutations with deliberately wiped out periodicity to the original time series we can estimate whether a particular order of observations (i.e. time series) is important.
The case record forms permitted a simple and easy data collection in order that observations could be easily integrated into the daily practice of the participating physicians.
For question 1, we have used the TENS frequency (at five levels), the order of observations, age, and gender of the participants as fixed effect explanatory variables.
