In the paper the modeling of a double-redundant actuator assembly characterized by first-order dynamics of individual actuators is presented first.
First, fractional-order dynamics present in two types of multiagent systems are discussed; namely, a specific tree graph structure for a robotic formation control problem and fractional-order dynamics of a scale-free network of agents.
Due to the existence of heterogeneous control gains as well as a time-varying unknown leader in the nonlinear systems, the fractional-order dynamics of each agent is in essence heterogeneous.
Complexity, nonlinearity and high-order dynamics of the automated driveline, combined with strict requirements for high performance gear shifts, demand the development of driveline models, which include a detailed description of the actuators.
The assembly and ordering dynamics of the early oligomers are likely governed by the burial of hydrophobic side chains and intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
This is due to a natural ability of noninteger order dynamics to model diffusion processes, just like charge redistribution in supercapacitors.
The effects of the three toxins on the molecular order and dynamics of the lipids were studied using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques.
Altogether, these observations are in agreement with the existence of a long-range (~100 kb) modulation of contact frequencies in gene-rich-TADs, suggesting that the constraints governing statistical helix organization underlie higher-order chromatin dynamics of a very significant part of the genome.
Another population compilation by Turchin [3] with longer time-series from France, Poland and Russia showed a preponderance of first-order dynamics and only 25% of 20 populations reviewed showed second or higher order in density auto-regressions.
