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One of the factors that have proven to be important in explaining the often variable and low oral bioavailability of many orally applied anticancer drugs is the presence of ATP-binding Cassette drug transporters (ABC transporters) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters.
Inclusion criteria were: postoperative gastric cancer (stage Ib or II) waiting for oral chemotherapy with the orally applied 5-FU prodrug and intermediate metabolite of capecitabine doxifluridine (5-DFUR), aged between 19 and 70 years, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1, normal liver function and renal function.
The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of oral supplementation of the piperine on lung tumour initiation by orally applied benzo(a pyrene (B(a p).
Acyclovir may be taken orally, applied topically, or injected intravenously.
Orally applied T4 coliphages representing three different subgroups (T4-, RB49- and JS98-like phages) had no negative impact on the murine gut microbiota.
We previously demonstrated that orally applied bovine lactoferrin (bLF) inhibited LPS-induced bone resorption but not orthodontic force-induced tooth movement in vivo.
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As stated in " Introduction", several investigations had demonstrated that intra-orally applied fluoride regimes may cause fluoride release into saliva.
Certain chemicals found in plants, the psoralens, if taken orally or applied to the skin enhance the ability of ultraviolet light to induce pigmentation.
Propolis has been used as a popular remedy for several centuries, mainly due to its antimicrobial properties, present in propolis from different origins [5], but it is also taken orally and applied externally for a series of diseases, ranging from tumors to parasites [6].
Trials have shown that certain HIV medications, when taken by HIV-negative individuals orally or applied as a microbicide gel, can help protect them from becoming infected, an approach known as pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP.
Intestinal epithelial cells and keratinocytes are considered to be among the first points of contact when drugs are administered orally or applied ectopically, respectively.
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