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The alternative comparator most seriously considered was the medicinal nicotine inhaler because of its similar use characteristics to e-cigarettes (oral inhalation, on demand use, use of hands to apply).
Advances in inhaler design and our increased understanding of lung physiology continue to make oral inhalation of complex drugs an attractive therapeutic option.
Mice were inhaled with the aerosol via a mask that is part of an oral inhalation device for children (LL-Nebulizer); the mask was clipped at the sides to cover only the nose and the surrounding part of the face.
Spray dried RHT powders presented better aerodynamic properties, constituting a potential drug delivery system for oral inhalation.
Moreover, oral inhalation has become an attractive alternative for the delivery of small molecules with difficult oral pharmacokinetics and/or extensive liver first-pass metabolism.
In this work we describe the development of a propellant-based, portable oral inhalation platform for the pulmonary delivery of genes.
Similar(34)
These three intestinal protozoa can be transmitted through the fecal-oral or oral-oral routes, inhalation of aerosols or ingestion of food or water contaminated with fecal material [ 4, 48].
In addition to estimating oral intake, we estimated inhalation exposure during showering using ConsExpo software (RIVM 2010), taking into consideration both aerosol formation and evaporation of PAHs.
Important in the context of nanotoxicological research are questions regarding the uptake, mobility and deposition of nanomaterials in the body, the effects of nanomaterials after inhalation and oral intake, and the long-term effects of nanomaterials (Savolainen et al. 2013).
This is based on inadequate data of carcinogenicity in humans exposed to naphthalene via the oral or inhalation routes, and the limited evidence of carcinogenicity in animals via the inhalation route".
Additional suggestions include tailoring dermal, oral and inhalation kinetic study designs to reflect worker exposure dosages.
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