Toxicity of products or feedstock components poses a challenge in the biocatalyst-based production of fuels and chemicals.
Production of modern chemicals uses 8% of hydrocarbons worldwide mostly as raw material, or "feedstock," but also for energy used in the manufacturing process.
The potential cause for the low inactivation energy values in our study could be either differences in types of measured pathogens or feedstock characteristics.
The liquid (sulfiding agent or feedstock) was continuously fed into the reactor using a Series II high pressure pump operating in the mode of volumetric flow.
When the substrate (chemical) or feedstock is biobased, or the transformation is catalyzed by microorganisms and/or enzymes, the reactor is also termed a bioreactor.
The photochemical fixation of CO2 to energy rich products for solar energy storage or feedstock chemicals is an attractive, albeit daunting, challenge.
Furthermore, they can be grown on non-arable land and produce biomass which can serve as food or feedstock or as potential substrate for biofuel production (Chisti 2007; Mata et al. 2010).
A value chain has traditionally meant activities needed in order to deliver a specific valuable product and service for the market, such as energy sources or feedstock production, energy production, distribution and transportation, retail and consumption.
Both products can be used as either biofuels or feedstock chemicals for many industrial processes, confirming the control of carboxydotrophic clostridia metabolism as one of the most profitable scientific ambitions to be explored.
Large scale research with immobilized algae is the logical next step to examine plant-scale feasibility, sustainability, algal harvesting techniques, and to consider nutrient recovery and reuse in the form of biofuels or feedstock.
