Sentence examples for optimum trait from inspiring English sources

For example, even if both interaction functions, predator prey and competition, are Gaussian, evolutionary multiple attractors can occur when the optimum trait values of the predator and consumer are similar.

Weak trade-offs (also called concave trade-offs) may exist if the optimum trait values for both natural and human-altered habitat are close or if habitat stringencies are low (or any combination of the two).

The OU model incorporates stabilizing selection as a constraint and quantifies the evolution of a continuous trait X as d X t) = α[ θ – X t)]d t + σd B t), where σ captures the stochastic evolution of BM, and α determines the rate of adaptive evolution towards an optimum trait value θ [ 52, 53].

With optimum traits, selection pressure shifts gradually from the mean to the variance when approaching the optimum.

We derive the stochastic learning dynamics of the distance to the optimum in trait space when choice between alternative artifacts follows the standard logit choice rule.

Individual learners are thus unlikely to reach the optimum when traits are complex (n large), and so face a barrier to further improvement of the artifact.

Consequently, species under intense sperm competition would follow the diploid control pattern, resulting in a particular sperm trait optimum being selected.

Such canalization is considered adaptive because it buffers fitness-relevant traits against environmental perturbations, preventing large deviations from trait optimum (Stillwell et al., 2010).

Owing to inevitable domestication selection in captivity, the captive-reared population has experienced a shift away from the wild optimum in quantitative trait variation related to fitness.

Environmental variations (e. g. temperature) may beconsidered as benign if their mean value is close to the functional optimum of the trait.

Analytical approaches have been extended to multivariate traits, characterized by a matrix of genetic covariances, with environmental change (continual or abrupt) implemented as a shift of optimum in multidimensional trait space (Gomulkiewicz and Houle 2009).