The failure to attain the optimum despite evolution in the other replicate is presumably a failure to calculate the true optimum, and thus not an illustration of nonequilibrium dynamics, unless it could be shown that the predicted equilibrium would eventually be obtained given sufficient time.
The results suggest that proper recommendations for optimum organic matter evolution after soil amendment is possible after considering a small set of characteristics of soil and the corresponding soil organic matter fractions, in particular HA.
Phylogenetic tree construction was performed with PAUP* version 4.0b10 [34] by using a maximum likelihood (ML) approach, under an optimum model of evolution as determined by MODELTEST v3.7 [35].
That is, the population evolves toward the new optimum via the evolution of increased plasticity, allowing high rates of phenotypic change.
Phylogenetic tree construction was performed with PAUP* version 4.0b10 (6) by using a maximum likelihood (ML) approach, under an optimum model of evolution as determined by MODELTEST version 3.7 (7).
ModelTest v.3.0.6 [81] selected GTR+I+Γ [82] as the optimum model for sequence evolution based on Akaike's information criterion (AIC) for all partitions from the 123nRTn dataset.
A mixed protein model was used, allowing the optimum model of protein evolution to be assessed from a selection of nine fixed-rate models.
As can be seen for the trade-off boundary drawn, there is a wide range of virulence associated with each step of evolution toward the optimum, until the optimum is neared (depending on the shape of the trade-off).
Introduced as a model for sustained environmental change, such as global warming (Lynch et al. 1991; Lynch and Lande 1993), the moving-optimum model describes the evolution of a quantitative trait under stabilizing selection toward a time-dependent optimum (Bürger 2000).
The graph also shows the solutions found by Algorithm 1 and the evolution until the optimum.
