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The capillary tube length and the refrigerant charge were adjusted to achieve the optimum energy efficiency ratio (EER) for each system.
This raises the possibility that when an SMA actuator is integrated into a structure, the passive components of the structure may play a key role in determining the optimum energy efficiency of the active structural component (the SMA actuator) during the activation of the structure.
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It can be seen that an optimum energy conversion efficiency achieved by the CdS(4 /Ag2S/TiO2/ITO electrode is 3.46%, which is about 2.5 times that (1.39%) of the CdS(4 /TiO2/ITO electrode.
It is obvious from Figure 5 that the photovoltaic performance of the solar cells firstly increased in the initial 7 cycles, the optimum energy conversion efficiency was obtained after 7 cycles, with a short-circuit photocurrent of 4.22 mA cm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage of 0.36 V, a fill factor of 0.31, and an overall power conversion efficiency of 0.46%, respectively.
The optimum for energy efficiency and costs is the standard system where the storage temperature has been lowered to the minimum.
Optimum packages of energy efficiency measures for a residential building located in five climate zones in KSA have been determined for subsidized and non-subsidized energy costs.
The optimum energy and exergy efficiencies are achieved respectively by about 7.3%andd 12.6% in relation to the base point using Shannon Entropy decision maker.
Ensyn Company successfully operates such 2-t/h FP reactors since many years on a commercial scale, but different to optimum syngas generation, the energy efficiency is not an important aspect for their production of fine chemicals and food flavorings.
The study first presents an analytical framework for two-hop opportunistic MCNs designed to identify their optimum configuration in terms of energy efficiency.
More cost-effective starch utilization processes could be implemented when it forms part of a biorefinery concept for whole plant utilisation, which will ultimately contribute to optimum biomass conversion and increased energy efficiency [ 39, 40].
In the PSO-based power allocation, the PSO is executed for 200 iterations for obtaining the optimum results in terms of maximize energy efficiency (fitness function).
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