On the other hand, if the optimum is shifted away from the current phenotype by presenting a new environmental challenge, there is more potential for mutations to have a beneficial effect, because they are more likely to leave the wt-like area.
Buyers are drawn by a sense that they will inhabit a wonderfully rarified place that is not impossibly far from New York City -- not much more than an hour's drive away in optimum traffic conditions -- yet one that feels and even looks, within limits, like the country.
And the bright reflection from such a mirror would, if it could be seen, give that ocean's existence away.The optimum moment for seeing it is when, as observed from Earth, a planet's parent star is more or less behind the planet in question.
Ag has been expressed as the product of radiation use efficiency for gross photosynthesis by an unstressed canopy and intercepted photosynthetically active radiation, which is then adjusted for stresses due to soil water shortage and temperature away from optimum.
These standard tool paths available in CAM systems are generated based on geometric computations only, not considering mechanics of processes, and most often these paths are away being optimum for free form surfaces.
Therefore, Lily's unhappiness from not achieving her athletic goals moves her down on this scale away from optimum health.
We find that both models violate the assumption of the native sequence being close to a thermodynamic optimum, causing directional selection away from the native state.
In the Arab world, mental health services are far away from optimum and there is a lack of reliable epidemiological psychiatric data which does not enable rational planning for future psychiatric services, education and research [ 1, 2].
"Statistical significant shift from optimal" codon frequencies may well agree with a random drift: assuming that all codons are in near-optimum (which is not true, of course) the overwhelming majority of possible random synonymous substitutions will inevitably push the distribution of codons away from optimum.
Comparing Cases #4 and #3, it can be concluded that while at the beginning of surfactant injection the effective salinity in Case #3 is further away from the optimum salinity, the effective salinity in this case becomes closer to the optimum salinity after 0.6 PV surfactant slug injection and remains at this condition until the end of the process.
