Negative selection markers are used to optimize transformation efficiency; opposite to positive SMGs, they kill the transformed cells.
For SOS in the state space form a noise optimized transformation is evaluated as a closed solution.
Using the optimized transformation conditions, the transformation efficiency was 494 ± 48 positive transgenic clones per 106 recipient cells, which is more efficient comparing with those reported in other microalgal transformation studies.
Overall, only a small percentage of proposals were put forward to improve the experimental design, and very few led to potential improvement of the standard protocols, such as using plasmid mass instead of volume to optimize transformation efficiency.
In this research, kaolin was heated at 600 °C, 700 °C and 800 °C for 2 and 6 h to optimize its transformation into metakaolin as pozzolans for geopolymers preparation.
While for probabilistic PCA, we would marginalize over X and optimize the transformation matrix W, for GPLVM we marginalize over W and optimize the latent variables X.
In the present study, A. rhizogenes K599 [ 5, 8, 9] harbouring pGFPGUS Plus [ 26] was used to optimize the transformation of Superroot-derived L. corniculatus plants.
Although for probabilistic PCA we would marginalize over X and optimize the transformation matrix W, for dual PCA (and more generally, GPLVM), we marginalize over W and optimize the latent variables X.
The American Medical Informatics Association AMIAA) defines Translational Bioinformatics as "... the development of storage, analytic, and interpretive methods to optimize the transformation of increasingly voluminous biomedical data, and genomic data, into proactive, predictive, preventive, and participatory health" [ 9].
