The relationship of these perception changes with student experience and retention should be further explored, but the findings also suggest the need to differentiate professional development by the different instructor types teaching lower-division science courses to optimize teaching effectiveness and student learning in these important gateway courses.
We propose the methods of teaching reform as guided by market demand, update the teaching content, optimize the teaching methods, reform the teaching practice, strengthen the teacher-student exchange and promote teachers and students together.
In order to optimize the teaching of endoscopy, we first have to understand how endoscopy is currently taught.
This prompted us to seek medical teachers' views on the potential of self-assessment to supplement and augment the effects of feedback from students in guiding and encouraging their efforts to optimize clinical teaching.
This has most likely decreased the ability of the teachers to establish ownership and optimize the teaching methods and continue the hygiene promotional activities after the end of researcher-facilitated intervention.
The dichotomies between information and entertainment, between motives and emotions and between criticism and critical attitude are not presented for the defense of one option against the other, but to emphasize the need for the integration of complementary poles and, therefore, to draw attention to the need to cover the gaps to optimize the teaching-learning processes.
Neuroscience's contributions about the functioning of the minds that interact with these technologies give new perspectives to the academic world; perspectives that are necessary for optimizing teaching-learning processes.
In line with this, we propose to change teachers' conceptions and teaching profiles – or to select teachers - to optimize the fit between teaching profile and format.
According to the characteristics of students, combined with the registered engineer examination system, the practicality course teaching contents of research, optimize the practicality course reform teaching link, strengthening civil engineering student quality training and performance, and is the key.
