The fronts are generated numerically using topology optimization, which is a systematic, free-form design algorithm for optimizing material layouts.
Refinement of microstructural length scales and modification of interface character offer opportunities for optimizing material properties.
Further improvement in the output performance can be achieved by optimizing material properties, applying metal-to-metal bonding and fabricating thermocouple microstructures on high topography.
We believe that our findings can be applied to other materials than hematite and, thus, can lead to various nanostructured thin films of them, which will be the first step in optimizing material design for their specific applications.
To this end, Process Integration methods can be successfully applied to the integrated steelmaking route with the purpose of achieving a reduction in the CO2 emissions, while optimizing material and energy systems.
Such understanding will allow bioengineers to fully exploit the potential of biomaterials engineered on the molecular scale, by optimizing material chemical and physical properties to a measurable set of interfacial parameters known to elicit a predictable response in a specific cell population.
