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For SOS in the state space form a noise optimized transformation is evaluated as a closed solution.
Using the optimized transformation conditions, the transformation efficiency was 494 ± 48 positive transgenic clones per 106 recipient cells, which is more efficient comparing with those reported in other microalgal transformation studies.
After solving the optimization problem, we use the optimized transformation matrix W * to compute the pairwise affinity score zij between gene i and function j.
This way, the thermo-mechanical properties of the polymer are locally adjusted, allowing an optimized transformation of the exposed stepped contours into smooth slopes, if the polymer is subsequently heated to an appropriate temperature (step 4: selective equilibration).
To determine the time points for taking tissue samples during in vitro shoot organogenesis, we carried out a preliminary regeneration experiment where 3 to 4 mm internodal stem segments were placed on auxin-rich CIM in dark for 15 days, then transferred them to cytokinin-rich SIM following our optimized transformation protocol (described under methods).
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Negative selection markers are used to optimize transformation efficiency; opposite to positive SMGs, they kill the transformed cells.
The results suggest that high tensile strength can be maintained for low modulus β-Ti in spite of martensitic transformation by optimizing transformation strains.
Overall, only a small percentage of proposals were put forward to improve the experimental design, and very few led to potential improvement of the standard protocols, such as using plasmid mass instead of volume to optimize transformation efficiency.
Beineke et al. (2004) optimized lymphocyte-transformation assays and investigated cytokines using polymerase chain reaction in harbor porpoises, but suppression of these responses after PCB exposure has not yet been reported.
Although it has been previously demonstrated that A. tumefaciens is capable of transforming various fungi including the Ascomycetes, the transformation conditions must be optimized because the transformation frequencies vary among fungal species and strains.
In this research, kaolin was heated at 600 °C, 700 °C and 800 °C for 2 and 6 h to optimize its transformation into metakaolin as pozzolans for geopolymers preparation.
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