One of the most problematic branches on which to optimize characters was the branch leading to Alismatales.
Given that there can be little confidence in any of the proposed arrangements of Afrosoricida, Macroscelidea, or Tubulidentata within Afrotheria, an alternative, and perhaps more conservative, approach is to optimize characters onto an afrotherian phylogeny that is less resolved at the supraordinal level.
Considerable ambiguity is introduced by missing data and different methods for optimizing character states onto slightly different afrotherian phylogenies, but it remains distinctly possible that there are a number of morphological synapomorphies of crown Afrotheria, and that the ancestral crown afrotherian more closely resembled a "proto-ungulate" than an "insectivore".
If different characters are able to vary independently, selection will be able to optimize each character separately without interference.
How you optimize your character and what is going on within the game.
To optimize this character, a derivative named the variance weighted information entropy (WIE) was applied firstly in the detection of infrared images.
Low-rank coals such as brown coal, which is difficult to prepare high concentration CWS, has been modified to optimize its character and enhance its value-added for applications (Christian 2003; Li et al. 2014; Yu et al. 2014).
The existence of these opposing forces causes that natural selection often fails to fully optimize this character [17].
The dynamic of gain and loss of edited sites was reconstructed in two ways: a) using parsimony to optimize the character change, and b) inferring the edited ancestral codon and predicted amino acid sequence for each node of the tree, and comparing both to observe discrepancies caused by editing.
When we optimize the character "coastal plain" onto the haplotype phylogeny and then compare it to the optimization of suitable habitat during the Pleistocene (derived from the 0.2 threshold value in the MAXENT output) we find a very high level of similarity; we only recovered a single haplotype with a high probability of paleo-model habitat suitability not located in the coastal plain.
