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Each value was independently optimised as a continuous character across the chosen phylogeny, using square change parsimony optimisation implemented in Mesquite [ 59], following the methodology of Graham et al. [ 20].
They are generally designed to be optimum as individual units by suppliers, but not optimised as a whole system.
The order of the controller is optimised as a multiobjective problem over a set of controller structures, H∞, and time-domain specifications.
In addition, primer pairs for the simultaneous detection of specific GLRaV-3 variants from groups 1, 2, 6 (specifically NZ-1) and the outlier NZ2 variant, and the generic detection of variants from groups 1 to 5 were designed and optimised as a conventional one-step multiplex RT-PCR assay using the plant nad5 gene as an internal control (i.e. one-step hexaplex RT-PCR).
Reticulation patterns were not optimised as a character on any of the parsimonious fundamental trees.
In this work the influence of R on the fatigue crack propagation resistance in a PM duplex stainless steel was investigated and an artificial neural network based model was optimised as a new simulation tool.
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In order to obtain a detection limit as low as possible, the ELISA part of the procedure was optimised as well.
Even where medical management is optimised, as was the case in the CARE [ 9] and REMEDIAL [ 28] studies, the overall rate of CIN remains high at around 10%%.
The oil concentration was optimised as- Cotton (0.1 g) previously treated with optimised concentration of β-CD, was kept in all the essential oil solutions (1 15 %, prepared in ethanol) for 1 h at room temperature, after which the treated cotton was discarded and the absorbance of each residual oil solution was checked at respective λmax for the evaluation of complexed oil in the solution.
Moreover, a 2% decrease in energy requirement is achieved when a binary solvent mixture is optimised as opposed to a pure solvent.
The principal idea behind DE is to represent the parameters to be optimised as vectors where each vector is a population member whose fitness is described by the cost function value.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com