Aside from the optimisation of protocols and procedures, their standardisation and their personalisation, it is most important to optimise radiation protection using existing radiation protection measures (28).
Many challenges lie ahead, not least for the optimisation of protocols to limit variation in sample collection and processing, but also for the analysis and visualisation of multidimensional data and the production of novel hypotheses.
Optimisation of the protocol was reached primarily by three adjustments in comparison with earlier published PPLMD-like protocols [ 17, 21, 23, 36, 37]: the use of Vent® exo- DNA polymerase instead of HotStar Taq DNA polymerase, the use of a SpikeTarget and associated SpikeLock padlock probe, and by applying an improved LATE-PCR strategy [ 38] for the amplification phase.
Further optimisation of the protocol revealed that the highest PDX1-expression level was obtained when RA was kept throughout the whole protocol, i.e. for 13 days after the activin induction.
During optimisation of the protocol, real-time PCR products were visualised by gelelectrophoresis and sequenced for verification.
During optimisation of the protocol, the PCR products were loaded on a 3% agarose gel after each run to confirm specific gene amplification and the absence of primer dimer formation.
This training took place to exchange practical experiences, and to pay extra attention to the use of clinimetrics, standardisation and optimisation of the protocol, as well as getting an introductory session on the use of the electronic patient file in the web-based database.
Optimisation of radiolabelling protocols and the development of labelling modules have simplified radiopharmaceutical preparation, but the desire for further development remains (Ocak et al. 2010).
The improved technology and optimisation of imaging protocols have resulted in much lower doses [22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31], while the risk for heritable disease has been found to be lower than previously assumed [32].
