In comparison, the iron storage and antioxidant functions of ferritin are not optimally evolved, but seem to be subordinated side-effects of the buffer function.
This proves that the residues at the acceptor substrate binding sites of CGTases have optimally evolved for selective transfer of the covalent glycosyl intermediate to sugar acceptors instead of water.
Perhaps PPV contribute to the hydrogen tunneling in optimally evolved wild-type enzymes, but the protein scaffold, electrostatics, and local equilibrium motions may explain most of the enzyme catalysis.
An optimally evolved RS should function similarly to a wild-type RS, which achieves high incorporation fidelity under physiological growth conditions and maintains fidelity when cells are grown in nutrient-rich media.
(23) Unfortunately, minimal media cannot be applied to traditional fermentations, mammalian cell cultures, and whole organism engineering; this drawback prevents the transfer and usage of non-optimally evolved RSs in these situations.
In closing, I believe it is clear that we as humans are not optimally metabolically evolved to survive modern, prolonged ICU care.
Other models include an adaptive life cycle of operons, which explains why they rarely evolve optimally (Price et al., 2006).
The fact that climate change will alter multiple conditions at once complicates the picture further since the question then becomes: will populations be able to evolve optimally to multiple conditions, given their responses to selection on one trait due to changes to a single environmental factor?
This asymmetry allows optimally foraging consumers to evolve phenotypic specializations on non-preferred resources without greatly compromising their ability to use preferred resources.Specialists should often reject the very resources that they have evolved traits to use" (p. 223).
This lack of optimality could be due to the difference in growth conditions between the chemostat situation (40 g/l of fructose or glycerol) and the native soil habitat of P. fluorescens, e.g. that the chemostat condition is one of relative carbon excess for which the metabolic network is not evolved optimally.
