Sentence examples for optimal traits from inspiring English sources

While many biologists believe that optimality models are useful, whether evolution by natural selection tends to produce optimal traits is controversial (see, e.g., Dupré 1987).

Thus, to maximize survival, behavioral or physiological trade-offs can result in less than maximally optimal traits [30], [31], [32].

In other cases optimal traits, such as Darwinian evolutionary theory, appear more difficult to learn than suboptimal traits, such as teleological or Lamarckian evolutionary theories [36], [37].

This is because low innovation costs allow individuals to invent several traits in a single lifetime; while the most knowledgeable individual will have mostly high-fitness traits, some may be suboptimal, and under the assumption of indirect bias these suboptimal traits are copied by subsequent generations along with the optimal traits.

When N≥X then it is likely that at least one individual will discover the optimal trait at that level, and further increases in N have little effect.

Second, when selection favours different optimal trait values in males and females (i.e. selection is sex-specific), there is conflicting selection on the same body of genetic variation, depending on whether the genes are expressed in a male or a female.

Deviations from this intermediate, optimal trait value in either direction reduce fitness.

This is because there is not one optimal trait or strategy when the environment is unpredictable.

The former is modelled by shifting the optimal trait value at a constant rate (Lynch and Lande 1993).

The final stage occurs when the mean phenotypic value of the trait in both sexes is aligned with the sex-specific optimal trait values.

Quantitative genetic trait-based models deal with strength of stabilizing selection about an optimal trait value, indicated by the inverse of the width of the fitness function.