Similar considerations for timing and optimal speed of locomotion can be found in nature, but the question is to what extent animals can estimate when and how fast to travel.
In contrast, barnacle geese display adaptations for flight and swimming that are not optimal for terrestrial locomotion, such as large flight musculature and webbed feet.
Considering complex, high-dimensional, dynamically coupled interactions between an organism and gravitational environment, in principle, one challenging solution is to adopt different coordination patterns and not only an optimal speed of locomotion.
Furthermore, drag caused by the body and the feet during swimming may be minimised by placing the legs far back on the body in the goose and other water birds (Zeffer et al., 2003); however moving the legs away from the centre of mass is likely to be sub-optimal for terrestrial locomotion.
To improve the energy efficiency of the one-legged locomotion system, an optimal motion planning method is presented to optimize the trajectories of the robot joints.
For mobile mechanism, it is meaningful to find the optimal input of the required locomotion.
Soft materials negatively affect stability during locomotion, and for optimal stability, shoes with thin, hard FO are preferable.
However, it has been suggested that soft materials negatively affect stability during locomotion, and for optimal stability, shoes with thin, hard FO are preferable.
Pretreatment of lymphocytes with ATIII slightly augmented random locomotion, chemotaxis toward optimal concentrations of RANTES or IL-8 was significantly inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with ATIII followed by washing.
