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Hypothetically, if the same two clubs faced each other an infinite number of times, each would vary its strategy until both reached a Nash equilibrium: the frequency of attempted fakes (assuming optimal defence and randomly sequenced plays) at which kicking and faking yield the same expected benefit.Translating this concept to actual football gets complicated in a hurry.
AIM2 is required for optimal defence against some viral and bacterial pathogens in mouse [ 6, 7].
Climbing plants have shown patterns of herbivory-induced chemical defences (Gianoli et al. 2007) that conform to optimal defence theory (Zangerl and Rutledge 1996).
Maximum defence is not necessarily the optimal defence, especially when this would come at substantial costs for other fitness relevant traits.
These include the Quantitative Defence Theory [ 55], the Optimal Defence Theory (ODT) [ 56, 57], the Growth-Differentiation Balance (GDB) hypothesis [ 56, 58, 59], and the Resource Availability Hypothesis (RAH) [ 60- 62].
To ensure optimal defence responses, plants must be able to up- and down-regulate primary and secondary metabolic pathways at every level to exert temporal and spatial control in an effective and efficient way, thereby minimising damage and ensuring vegetative growth and reproduction [ 7].
Similar(54)
Optimal immune defence: a theoretically expected combination of different immune defence components and/or the strength of the response that yields the highest fitness to its carriers.
The following is a model of optimal prey defence and signaling based on the factors visual conspicuousness (VC) and olfactory signal/defence (OSD).
The idea of optimal immune defence varying in relation to the surrounding environment is one that is at the very heart of ecological immunology.
Ecological immunology attempts to explain this variation by invoking costs and trade-offs, and in turn proposing that the optimal immune defence will vary over environments.
Due to the presence of costs in immunity, and variation between environments of the adaptive value of a particular immune response, the optimal immune defence will vary both temporally and spatially.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com