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The mutant with combined substitution (Q7K/G234P) showed the most pronounced shifts in temperature optima, about 10 °C upward, and the half-life for thermal inactivation at 60 °C, and melting temperatures were increased by 3 times and approximately 10 °C, respectively.
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In mature stands, the average cutting year suggested by the adaptive optima was about 5 years later than in the anticipatory optima.
If no a priori information about the optima is available, the initial population is often selected randomly using pseudorandom numbers.
In this model, information about other local optima (which would be available to an infinite population) is not necessary to accurately describe the behavior of the finite population on the given local optimum.
The optima steam kill-enzyme time was about 2 4 min; (3) the contents of flavone, chlorogenic acid and vitamin C increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of kill-enzyme time.
The average roadside price obtained from saw log was about 20% higher in adaptive optima than in deterministic or stochastic anticipatory optima (Table 2).
The new algorithm, termed as enhanced honey bee mating optimization (EHBMO) algorithm, uses the concept of giving weight to distant candidates which are slightly less feasible than the current local candidates but may hold information about the location of global optima further afield.
Heterophylly and submerged homophylly evolved under selective pressure modifying the species-specific optima for photosynthesis, but little is known about the evolutionary outcome of habit.
These bacteria are filamentous obligate anaerobes and chemoorganotrophs; their optimal temperature is about 70°C and their pH optima range from 6.0-9.0 6.0-9.0
In our study, we have chosen (i) because criteria (ii) can be reached with premature stagnation in local optima, and criteria (iii) requires a priori knowledge about the global solution.
Though current models provide no general prediction about the effect of shifting phenotypic optima on QTL effect size [ 5], QTL fixed early in an adaptive walk, or when populations are far from their phenotypic optimum, are larger than QTL fixed later [ 9, 44].
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