Exact(1)
We have also studied the influence of the low extraction voltage, as enabled by the nanosized apex of the cones, on the electron optics properties of the source that prevent the formation of a virtual beam cross-over of the gun.
Similar(59)
Because of the dramatic development of optical communication and integrated optics, the optical properties of MF have attracted a great deal of attention from researchers since the late part of the twentieth century, which include tunable refractive index [4], birefringence [5], Faraday effect [6], optical transmittance [7, 8], optical scattering [9, 10], and so on.
The measurement method involved an interstitial cylindrical light source delivered by fiber optics and the optical properties were calculated with Grosjean's equation modified for a cylindrical source.
The adaptive optics approach is based upon the optical properties of the eye and is applied to small fields at any particular instant of measurement.
From the early years of biomedical optics, phantoms have provided controls of "known" optical properties (i.e., absorption and scattering).
Direct-contact methods sometimes require immersion fluids between the skin and the optics to avoid losses caused by the mismatch of the optical properties of the media through which the signal propagates.
Furthermore, the approach based on integrated optics has the potential to provide additional information including specific optical properties such as algal fluorescent response, which can be used to further identify the algae.
Other characteristics that need to be accounted for are the electrical and optical properties of the substrate, specifically for dielectrophoresis and optics-based separations.
Transmission images acquired with external fiber optics sources and the BLI camera can be used to reconstruct the optical properties which, in turn, are used in the BLT algorithm.
The thermal, electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of metals make them an important class of materials for a wide range of applications including communications (antennas), electronics (interconnects, electrodes, heat dissipaters, sensors), and optics (reflectors, metamaterials, plasmonic structures).
Following conventional guided-wave optics, the properties of the photonic crystal waveguide may be calculated from the phase upon propagation over the strip and the phase upon reflection.
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