Rather, these have been co-opted from a wide range of preexisting proteins in different lineages, especially from common stress proteins or metabolic enzymes (Fig. 13).
The animal waste station was co-opted from a similar program in Charlotte, N.C.
Moreover, each protein has been co-opted from a prior DNA-binding function, suggesting that evolution to an RNA splicing factor is a recent event in evolutionary terms.
Likely, the novel gene function adopted by one copy of the duplicated genes, which now determines their functional differences, is co-opted from a secondary ancestral property already present before the duplication event [ 32].
Our results can be interpreted as providing support for the hypothesis that genes can be co-opted from a role in providing an advantage in competitive paternity success within species to underlying the genetics of an interspecies hybridization avoidance phenotype (CSP).
Or a president who co-opts from an advocacy organization the phrase 'No Child Left Behind,' while paying for irresponsible tax cuts by cutting children's health care".
In conclusion, we propose that the range and complexity of the cAMP-mediated signalling cascades that control almost all stages of multicellular development in modern Dictyostelia have been co-opted from an ancestrol role for cAMP in stress-induced dormancy.
Each of these crystallins is similar to another protein with a different function (B), suggesting that it was co-opted from an existing protein in a new role in refracting light in the eye.
To give a little background, the collective's name is co-opted from an actual diplomatic entity in the Middle East, now called the Cooperation Council for the Arab State of the Gulf, originally dubbed the way-more succinct "Gulf Cooperation Council".
Our results suggest that CG14891 and CG6864 might have been co-opted from an intraspecies gene function (i.e., sperm competition) into an interspecies avoidance phenotype (i.e., CSP).
These genes were co-opted from an ancient transposase belonging to a Mutator-like DNA-TE (Hudson et al. 2003; Lin et al. 2007) and encode transcriptional regulators that jointly act downstream of the photoreceptor phytochrome A to specifically modulate far-red light-responsive gene expression.
