Fluctuations in the size of this class propagate to the mean, which in turn generates a delayed restoring force opposing the fluctuation.
To oppose speed fluctuations effectively, a flywheel is given a high rotational inertia; i.e., most of its weight is well out from the axis.
(A ) Schematic of temporal cross-correlation analysis of force fluctuations at opposing cell cell junctions.
As with talin-1 downregulated cells, cells with myosin-IIA knock-down showed a significant increase in the correlation of force fluctuations at opposing junctions compared to control cells.
The inertia of the flywheel opposes and moderates fluctuations in the speed of the engine and stores the excess energy for intermittent use.
Greater sequencing depth will also increase sensitivity to detect smaller changes in relative expression, however this does not guarantee that these changes have functional impact in the biological system under study as opposed to tolerated fluctuations in transcript abundance [ 20].
For talin-1 downregulated cells, which exert very low traction forces, the correlation between the fluctuations of cell cell forces in opposing junctions was in addition higher than that between the cell cell force and traction force fluctuations.
Importantly, the correlation between the fluctuations of cell cell forces in opposing junctions of a paxillin or talin-1 downregulated cell was higher than that between the cell cell force fluctuations in opposing junctions of control cells.
The opposing selection pressures would lead to short-term fluctuations in body size in the population while no change in body size would be possible in the long-term since the average food availability does not increase over evolutionary time.
An emerging conclusion from such studies has been that temperature fluctuations are ecologically important when individuals experience temporary exposure to temperatures at the limits of their physiologically relevant thermal range [ 13, 16, 18, 21] and that fluctuations at cooler versus warmer temperatures can have different or opposing effects on developmental traits [ 12, 16].
Clinical depression - as opposed to the minor fluctuations of mood for which Dodie Smith bracingly recommends "noble deeds and hot baths" as the best cures - is a serious illness, requiring careful and sympathetic treatment.
