Opposing Actions of AKT (Protein Kinase B) Isoforms in Vascular Smooth Muscle Injury and Therapeutic Response.
In adults, nutrient intake is controlled by opposing actions of appetite stimulants (eg, neuropeptide Y [NPY]) and suppressors (eg, leptin).
However, the effectiveness of α-GalCer therapy is limited by the opposing actions of Th1 and Th2 cytokines.
JNK1 therefore serves opposing actions in liver and adipose tissue to both promote and prevent hepatic steatosis.
Yoon, B. S. et al. BMPs regulate multiple aspects of growth-plate chondrogenesis through opposing actions on FGF pathways.
Its tight regulation by opposing actions of kinases and phosphatases contribute to making this modification key in controlling the dynamic architecture of phosphorylation-dependent networks.
The two systems have opposing actions in the modulation of feeding: while endocannabinoids such as anandamide promote feeding, CCK controls gastrointestinal motility and appetite suppression.
The heart rate is controlled by the opposing actions of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves and by the action of epinephrine released from the adrenal gland.
In this study, we showed that excitatory synapse numbers in neurons are controlled by the mutually opposing actions of Wnts and PRR7, which promote synaptogenesis and elimination, respectively.
Melby, A. E., Beach, C., Mullins, M. & Kimelman, D. Patterning the early zebrafish by the opposing actions of bozozok and vox/vent.
These opposing actions are thought to be initiated by cellular release of ATP and its ectoenzymatic conversion to adenosine.
