Habitat fragmentation has facilitated gene flow in some species, enhancing the opportunities of increasing population genetic diversity (White and Boshier 2000; Dick 2001), and decreasing genetic diversity in others (Lowe et al. 2005).
The availability of HIV test data that can be linked to individual level survey data from recent DHS surveys, provides a unique opportunity for population-based studies of factors associated with the HIV/AIDS epidemic in different contexts.
Indeed, when the last organism carrying a particular gene dies, this gene disappears from the population, and has no opportunity of re-entering the population.
The measurement of HRQL provides clinicians and researchers the opportunity of comparing diverse populations through a single measure that captures capacity in multiple domains of health that are relevant to older populations [ 3].
We combine ideas from population and community ecology to discuss the effects of topographic complexity in the landscape on the immediate "stay" or "go" opportunities of local populations and communities, and on the selective pressures that may have shaped the stay or go capacities of the species occupying contrasting landscapes.
Two dispersal events may have provided the opportunities for populations of clade F1 to occupy wide ranges and also invade new habitats and climatic regimes (Fig. 4).
The availability of molecular markers in recent decades has enhanced these opportunities, facilitating the use of population genetics to reveal divergence and speciation in island systems.
"It will be an important opportunity to reinforce the centrality of population issues in the post-2015 andnda and place people at the heart of the sustainable development agenda".
While it can be expected that gaps are more readily crossed when climate change proceeds slowly because of an increased time window of opportunity and larger population sizes, we provide evidence of the opposite; somewhat counter intuitively, we show that slightly faster climate change can facilitate spread across fragmented landscapes because of evolution of increased dispersal distances.
The local extinction observed at one site indicate that, under severe perturbation restricted dispersal limits opportunities for, and the rate of, population recovery.
