This approach has been used very successfully to reduce the opportunity for contract cheating in a business capstone unit in Australia (Baird & Clare, Removing the opportunity for contract cheating in business capstones: a crime prevention case study, submitted for review).
The overarching commitment needs to be to implement a strategy designed to reduce the opportunity to contract cheat.
This diagram helps demonstrate the potential 'directions' for new pressures that could be applied to reduce the suitability of a specific opportunity for contract cheating.
Overall, this paper connects criminological theory and crime/problem prevention practice with academic misconduct issues with the intent of demonstrating there is potential to minimise the opportunity for contract cheating by altering the opportunity structures for assessment items.
With respect to reducing the opportunity for contract cheating, this restricted, scheduled use of videos increases the effort involved (by target hardening) and reduces the rewards for cheating (by concealing and removing suitable targets).
The combination of factors that had been manipulated for the 2016 iteration of the Unit meant that the suitability of this opportunity for contract cheating had been altered such that the perceived risks and effort involved with this misconduct were now outweighing the potential rewards of this choice.
"The opportunity to contract with the federal government is a privilege, not an entitlement.
Our finding of the lowest HCV prevalence (2.6%) in the most isolated commune seems consistent with this explanation, since geographic isolation may have limited the opportunity to contract HCV infection through these means.
Nevertheless, proposed explanations included interference with VZV transmission from high temperature [ 3, 5], less opportunity to contract VZV during childhood in rural areas [ 4, 5], competition with other viral pathogens [ 12], and cross-antigenicity between VZV and herpes simplex virus [ 13].
These findings suggest it may be possible to use existing administrative data to identify assessment items that provide suitable opportunities for contract cheating.
The investment from JICA was instrumental in developing the original manufacturing facility for diagnostic kits, and opportunities for contract manufacturing may bring in new investors in the future.
