Exact(3)
Moreover, opponent population coding accommodates for the observed heightened spatial acuity along the frontal midline observed in human psychoacoustic research (Makous and Middlebrooks 1990; Phillips 2008).
Also, several psychophysical (e.g., Phillips et al. 2006; Vigneault-MacLean et al. 2007) and computational (Mlynarski 2015) studies have demonstrated the likeliness of an opponent population coding model.
Several authors therefore argued that the acoustic azimuth may be represented through opponent population coding in the mammalian auditory cortex, that is, through the combined activity of broadly tuned neuronal populations with an overall preference for opposite acoustic hemifields (e.g., McAlpine 2005; Stecker et al. 2005; Day and Delgutte 2013).
Similar(57)
Alternatively, auditory space could be represented by a population rate code of two opponent populations: one preferentially activated by sound sources to the left and the other by those to the right of the perceiver.
These results are highly consistent with a rate code of spatial location formed by two opponent populations, one tuned to locations in the left and the other to those in the right.
The opponent populations were originally proposed as a model of the integration of localization cues studied in psychophysical research [23], [24] and was later formulated as a physiological model [25].
In their model, different neuronal populations encode different motor sensory delays, and the output of these neurons reaches opponent neuronal populations encoding the sensory event as "before" or "after" the motor event.
The contest between offense and defense continued, and military leaders discovered that air forces had to win a battle against opposing airmen before they could deliver crushing force against an opponent's civilian population.
Opponents note that the population in Hollywood has declined by 6 percent over the past 10 years, and that even if builders responded to the lure of easier zoning, the result would be a series of empty towers.
The prime minister, David Cameron, agrees, calling opponents "irrational .Different geology, higher population density and a more international gas market mean shale in Britain is unlikely to be the game changer it has been in America, where gas prices have plunged.
Interestingly, Friedman et al [40], in addition to reporting edge-sensitive color-selective cells (presumably double-opponent), reported a smaller population of V1 color surface cells that were not particularly sensitive to contour.
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