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The operations were performed under subarachnoid anaesthesia, in bloodless operative field, using a pneumatic tourniquet.
Hypotensive anesthesia can reduce blood flow, improve visibility in the operative field, and increase the efficacy of surgery and hemostasis, shortening the operating time.
Minor hemorrhage during laparoscopic procedures may obscure the operative field.
"Suddenly, instead of seeing the whole operative field, you see a tiny area, and it is a lot more difficult," Pomahac told me.
We hypothesized that submandibular gland resection could offer a significant cranial enlargement of the operative field, up to the clivus.
The extraperitoneal approach is technically easier in the obese patient because it naturally creates a bowel-free operative field.
Ischemic arrest protected by local cardiac hypothermia provides an optimal operative field, permitting repair of uncomplicated intracardiac defects in a precise, unhurried manner.
b An operative field after Toupet procedure.
Fig. 1 a An operative field after the mesh repair.
The perineum was cleansed and isolated from the operative field with adhesive drapes.
However, any obvious aortic aneurysms were not detected in the operative field or intraoperative TEE.
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