Psychiatric diagnoses are syndromes rather than diseases with operative diagnostic criteria based on symptoms and signs (e.g. the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and the International Classification of Diseases Diagnostic Criteria) and lacking reliable biological markers.
In addition, by employing the additive model for aggregating the effect of seven variants, we aimed to verify the genetic heterogeneity of schizophrenia diagnosed by an operative diagnostic manual, the DSM-IV.
Unfortunately in these cases no pre-operative diagnostics are known to be predictive of the subsequent histological findings.
When asked the question 'Which pre-operative diagnostics were performed at your department in a case of suspicious ovarian tumour?', 93% (301) of the participants answered that in addition to gynaecological examination and vaginal ultrasound in the case of an unclear ovarian tumour, further diagnostic procedures had to be performed.
Besides, the criteria for positive results in pre-operative diagnostic imaging were not uniform in different institutions, and may be operator-dependent.
However, a combination of the serum tumour markers CEA and VEGF can significantly increase the pre-operative diagnostic sensitivity to 62%.
The available pre-operative diagnostic tools include the patient's history, pelvic examination, transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [3, 4].
Surgical indications for PCN are limited to symptomatic lesions and to lesions that are considered malignant or with a potentially high risk of malignancy on the basis of the pre-operative diagnostic assessment.
Optical spectroscopy can provide surgeons with intra-operative diagnostic tools.
Improved non-operative diagnostic techniques enable the detection of breast cancer at an earlier stage.
The non-operative diagnostic FNA and core biopsy results for 2008/2009 were 42% and 90%, respectively.
