When the framework did not provide direction, we operationalized concepts from related literature (e.g., [ 5- 8]).
In this paper, we attempt to fill this gap in the literature by operationalizing concepts, building a waste-picker sustainable performance index, and estimating the impacts of these four competing policy approaches.
A PRO instrument was developed by operationalizing concepts elicited in the conceptual framework.
Research also identifies how facilitators struggle to operationalize concepts and ideas often introduced to them in English into local language and concepts [ 19, 20].
In this study, we operationalized the concept of land systems for the case of the Lao PDR (Laos).
Different from Chiswick's theory, other scholars operationalized the concept as whether one had visited his or her target country before and whether one had worked in his or her target country before (Massey [1999]).
Another explanation could be that we operationalized the concept of research utilization by using different and multiple questions.
We operationalized this concept with four items from the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987).
We defined emotional distress as symptoms of anxiety, depression, and/or diabetes-specific distress and operationalized the concept by means of four questionnaires.
In this sense, these categories operationalized the concept of project ownership in a way that allowed differences in expressed educational experience to emerge.
