We operationalized a measure of community-level acceptance of physical punishment against adolescents as the percentage of unmarried adolescents, both male and female, ages 10 19 agreeing that children ages 12 and older "should be beaten up when they do an offence, e.g. stealing, telling a lie, running away from school".
Personal motivation to adhere, which we operationalized with a measure of personal beliefs toward taking diabetes medications, was associated with more adherence behavioral skills as predicted.
Apathy, as operationalized by a measure of disengagement (sleeping or staring into space for more than 10 s), was frequently observed in residents outside of IGP, but never was seen during IGP.
Indeed, our results indicate that segregation, when operationalized as a measure of metropolitan area evenness, is associated with a higher average cancer risk overall and that it also amplifies disparities across racial groups, suggesting that this regional measure of inequality functions independently of neighborhood or tract-level SES measures.
The main finding of our study is that the need factor of the Andersen model, operationalized through a measure of MM (CIRS-G) and complemented by a measure of mental health status (SF-12 MSC), was the dominant and most consistent predictor of health care costs.
Hence, operationalizing a defined success measure directly influences research results.
Overall knowledge about older persons and gerontological care is a difficult construct to measure and operationalize in a measurement instrument.
The W-DEQ, version A, measures fear of childbirth as operationalized by the cognitive appraisal of the approaching delivery.
To operationalize and measure this concept Keyes developed an instrument, initially labelled as the Mental Health Continuum - Long Form consisting of 40 items [ 17].
In relation to the second reason, i.e. 'attitude' is a hypothetical construct which is difficult to operationalize and measure, we believe it is important to apply the general theoretical frameworks of this construct in social psychology to the needs of a particular research situation (see also Fan & Ji, [2014]).
It should be emphasized at this point that despite the uncertainties how to operationalize and measure the acceptance of the energy transition in a relevant, robust and scientifically sound way, we believe that acceptance is a highly important research field to address the socio-technical interface of the energy system.
