Both construction (equipment sizes) and discrete operational (pricing tariff schemes and operational strategy) variables were optimized based on realistic conditions.
These conditions are modeled by fuzzy multi-level mixed integer linear programming then converted into an integrated bi-level model in which the inner part makes operational pricing decisions in sequential games and the outer part shapes the network of the chains cooperatively.
Log price and operational cost data reported in Ferguson (2005) were updated to real September 2014 values using the Australian Consumer Price Index.
A 24 €/MWh natural gas price reduces operational cost for oxy-combustion power plant below the conventional refinery value.
"But other price-sensitive payments have since become operational, as prices sagged in the late 90's".
Nodal pricing has been developed to represent the operational cost of the nodes in an electric grid.
The UK's business department conceded in September that by the time Hinkley is operational the price of electricity guaranteed to EDF will be above the comparable costs for large-scale solar and onshore windfarms.
The news comes as Qunar weathers a boycott by third-party service providers triggered by a change in its operational and pricing policies.
Despite Mr. Bowen's warnings, however, Citigroup proceeded with the acquisition and in fact touted it, stating that "[t]hrough this acquisition, we gain important operational and pricing efficiencies... from point of origination through securitization and servicing".
Making changes to certain operational and pricing practices.
