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The construction and operation of wind-power plants may affect birds through collision mortality, reduced habitat utilization due to disturbance, barriers to movement and habitat modifications, with the nature and magnitude of those effects being site- and species-specific.
Finally, some future trends are discussed in the areas of operation and maintenance of wind power systems.
It then reviews some efforts aimed at improving the design, production, construction, operation and maintenance of wind power systems.
The broad based national programme included wind resource assessment; research and development support; implementation of demonstration projects to create awareness and opening up of new sites; involvement of utilities and industry; development of infrastructure capability and capacity for manufacture, installation, operation and maintenance of wind power plants; and policy support.
In addition, (P_{t}^{D}) and (P_{t,i}^{W} are the load level and wind power, respectively; (P_{ESS}^{dis}) and (P_{ESS}^{ch}) are discharging and charging power of storage units, respectively; (C_{W}^{OM}) and (C_{ESS}^{OM}) are operation-maintenance cost of wind power units and energy storage systems, respectively.
As a result, turbine control is the primary factor that determines operation stability, while the fluctuation of wind power is the secondary factor for operation stability.
Short-term wind speed forecasting plays a major role in wind energy plant operations and the integration of wind power into traditional grid systems.
An operation scheme is proposed for A/C storage systems for both day-ahead scheduling and real-time operation, based on the features of wind power forecast errors.
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