Progress has been slow at times but the timeline demonstrates the creativity, resourcefulness, stirring debate and co-operation of scientists in the field.
The main topic of this issue is 'Laser surgery in the field of Otorhinolaryngology'. Some of these papers owe a great deal to medical laser technology which is essentially the result of the co-operation of medical scientists with laser engineers and physicists.
To manage such a landscape will take the co-operation of government, scientists, industry and, importantly, the local communities.
There are various forms of uncertainty in the amount of uncertainties affecting the operation of the engineers, scientists, and decision makers.
In the first-ever operation of its kind, scientists working in Siberia have excavated a huge chunk of permanently frozen soil containing the remains of a 23,000-year-old woolly mammoth.
The government had already ordered an inquiry into the future operation of the panel of scientists advising the Home Office on drug policy before the controversial sacking of its chairman, Professor David Nutt, the Guardian has learned.
In Operation Cloud Lab a team of scientists take to the skies in one of world's largest airships for a unique exploration of Earth's most precious and mysterious environment - the atmosphere.
And officials of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration are weighing how to pay for operating Galileo for the full 14 additional months of operations requested by scientists and engineers of the project.
The e-RA database is an evolving resource, growing with every year of operation and responding to the needs of scientists at Rothamsted and elsewhere.
The advances could lead to the development of drugs custom-designed to interfere with the anthrax toxin at different stages of its operation, the scientists said.
The aquarium elaborated that its designs and everyday operations were developed under the guidance of scientists, doctors and animal specialists from around the world, ultimately producing an innovative approach toward the protection of endangered species. .
