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The effects of important design properties such as single mode operation, confinement loss and effective area of the fiber are investigated in the terahertz regime.
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The waste that had been sprayed on that field came from a hog confinement operation, and oats were the only crop that would put such concentrated, nearly toxic manure to nutritional use and do it quickly.
No wonder Michael Pollan describes the organic free-range egg business as a huge confinement operation.
Because of the irresponsibility of an Iowa factory farmer, more than 1,000 animals recently perished from that very manure pit gas which had built up underneath the confinement operation in which they were trapped for their whole lives.
Further studies attempted to determine the prevalence of Giardia in cattle coming from pastures into a confinement operation [ 14].
And, because the modest profits in confinement operations require the lowest possible labor costs, including automated feeding, watering and manure-handling systems, these operations have helped empty and impoverish rural America.
All the animals have moved indoors, into crowded confinement operations.
Huge confinement operations for livestock and poultry produce very cheap meat and eggs.
In related news, Denny's became the latest national food retailer to phase out pork from gestation crate confinement operations, while shareholders of Domino's Pizza rejected a resolution proposed by the Humane Society to do the same.
Piglets in confinement operations are weaned from their mothers 10 days after birth (compared with 13 weeks in nature) because they gain weight faster on their hormone- and antibiotic-fortified feed.
"Learned helplessness" is the psychological term, and it's not uncommon in confinement operations, where tens of thousands of hogs spend their entire lives ignorant of sunshine or earth or straw, crowded together beneath a metal roof upon metal slats suspended over a manure pit.
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