Many assessments of the cost and performance of power plants with CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) have been undertaken but these studies almost always omit considering operability: the ability of a process to operate satisfactorily under conditions different than the nominal design conditions.
Thus, with the above analysis, a procedure to assess the operability and controllability of a process was developed and the importance of their integration with design was proved.
The effects of process variables on the process efficiency of hydrogen production were investigated, and their optimum set point values were suggested to minimize the sizes of the process sub-units and to secure a stable operability of the reforming process.
To express the operability of individual process units, DORA uses inoperability input-output modeling (IIM) approach.
Using an extended internal model control (IMC) framework, we investigate the interaction between the static nonlinearities and linear dynamics on the operability of the process.
Dynamic simulation of the resulting process system gives immediate feedback to the process design engineer regarding practical operability of the process.
The optimum S/C ratio was 3.0 where the process efficiency of hydrogen production was maximized and the stable operability of the process was secured.
Starting with two basic control schemes that have been studied before, new control schemes are developed to improve the operability of the process.
Steam to carbon (S/C) ratio of the reforming reactants was found to be a crucial parameter mostly governing both the hydrogen production efficiency and the stable operability of the process.
Set point temperatures of the combustion flue gas (CFG) and the reformed gas (RFG) from the reformer had no effects on the hydrogen production efficiency, however, they were important parameters affecting the stable operability of the process.
