Carefully designed comparative studies may also be able to refute the idea that openness for immigration necessarily conflicts with open access to citizenship1 or with sustainable welfare states.
The agency adopted two of the four openness standards that Google proposed this year, including open access to software applications and devices.
Acknowledging that the digital age brought a greater demand for openness and access to data, it concluded "like it or not, this indicates a transformation in the way science has to be conducted in this century".
Public Knowledge seeks to ensure that the three layers of our communications system -- the physical infrastructure, the systems and the content layer -- promote fundamental democratic principles and cultural values including openness, access, and the capacity to create and compete.
Uses of human biological materials for cell-based research and interventions have re-ignited persistent worries regarding the protection of genetic privacy in an era where openness, sharing, and access to affordable and accessible genetic testing technologies are increasingly commonplace.
The right questions from the Senate Commerce Committee could draw Wheeler out -- and tell us whether the FCC will actually deliver on promises to promote openness, access, innovation and choice.
"I want to encourage greater openness and greater access to board staff and data, and I think Karen is just the person to ensure that happens".
DIY-bio has largely adopted the general principles of the hacker ethic such as sharing, openness, decentralization, free access to computers or tech, and world improvement (Levy 1984).
Furthermore, by emphasizing the need for openness, transparency and access to information, the Agenda highlights the need to strengthen monitoring and accountability frameworks at the global, regional and national levels.
An analysis of Facebook revealed that groups were set up with varying levels of openness: open access, requested access and hidden.
