Sentence examples for opening fracture from inspiring English sources

As shear mode loading increases, this effect becomes more pronounced, while the mode I opening fracture energy remains relatively constant for a given film system.

Moreover, the critical stretch of a bond and critical bond shear energy density are respectively used to determine the Mode I (opening) fracture type and Mode II/III (in-plane shearing/tearing) fracture type of bonds.

There is a real chance of a deceptive fracture pattern if: i) the angular values at the intersection of the fault and its fractures (mode I opening fracture) exceed 50° in the wall damage zone; ii) the scaling relation between fault length and maximum fracture length does not fit a power law; iii) fractures acted as shear fractures.

Studies have typically considered only mode-I (opening) fracture, but many observations demonstrate the significance of mode-II (sliding) fracture for better design of pavement structures and damage characterization of asphaltic materials.

The rupture of the mudcake over the fracture mouth may have two distinguishing failure modes (Cook et al. 2016): (1) tensile failure the mudcake is pulled apart by the opening fracture as shown in Fig. 15b, and (2) shear failure the mudcake is pushed into the fracture by wellbore pressure as shown in Fig. 15c.

The model is based on the step-by-step calculation of fatigue crack propagation paths in the contact region which includes the criteria of local fracture of materials under complex stress strain state, characteristics of fatigue crack growth resistance of materials and also presupposes the possible change of fracture mechanisms (transversal shear – normal opening fracture mechanisms).

There are two types of fractures, open and closed: Open fracture: This type of fracture is visible to the naked eye.

Open fractures with loss of bone: 13 tibias, 6 femurs.

Open fractures, compartment syndrome and fractures with severe soft tissue compromise are treated as emergency cases.

Open fractures, pathological fractures, and four-part fractures were excluded from study.

When limited to open fractures 39% had an unsatisfactory result.