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Railroads are open "systems".
Thermodynamics distinguishes between isolated, closed, and open systems.
Moving to open systems made it easier for the company to adapt to the Internet early.
Also, Microsoft has long prided itself as being what it calls an "open systems" software developer.
"Android is one of the most open systems I've ever seen.
But by early 1994, Mr. Gerstner had decided that I.B.M. would move to "open systems".
The triumph of open systems revealed a major defect in closed designs.
In open systems the water flows through the aquarium once and is discarded.
Two popular architectures are ISO Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) and IBM's Systems Network Architecture SNAA).
But on the other hand, interoperable, open systems allow those vulnerabilities to be found and fixed quickly.
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SBUS provides an open systems framework for securely reconfigurable components.
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