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Sapphire says it is not growing any genetically engineered algae in open ponds yet.
Instead of using open ponds, some companies are using bioreactors, which typically contain the algae in tubes.
Sapphire is also getting $100 million in federal financing to build a demonstration project containing 300 acres of open ponds in the New Mexico desert.
This generally means that the organisms must be grown in open ponds, which is not terribly efficient and can result in contamination by microbes.
The study says full latrine coverage in high water table areas would reduce contamination in open ponds, but increase it in tube wells.
The property is part of a watershed that includes two open ponds and is home to one of the largest colonies of yellow trout lilies in Suffolk County.
Genetically engineered algae, whether in open ponds or enclosed bioreactors, are likely to be regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency, which now regulates genetically engineered microbes under the Toxic Substances Control Act.
"Algae has typically been grown horizontally in open ponds, where limiting factors like poor sunlight and contamination from outside organisms have prevented large-scale algae production," Mr. Jochum said.
Both companies said they still had a range of problems to solve that include determining what types of algae to use and whether it is more efficient to grow them in open ponds or in closed containers called bioreactors.
The indigenous isolate Scenedesmus sp. MKB was grown in open ponds under semi-continuous conditions.
High solar insolations in these areas provide ideal combination for the cultivation of algae in open ponds.
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