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High working pressures produce open columnar structures, whereas low pressures produce dense layers.
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Generally, films with the highest Sr contents and films exhibiting an open columnar structure released the highest amounts of Sr into the saline solution.
For lower bias voltages CEMS indicates Cr deposition resulting in an open columnar structure of the subsequently grown TiAlN film, although small areas with oriented growth can still be observed.
Open image in new window Fig. 7 Crystal structure of copper II) octanoate (a) [83] and molecular for the columnar structures of copper II) alkanoates (b).
In addition, the discrepancy between the heights of the columnar structures is pronounced, and the coalescence of columnar structures occurs.
Furthermore, slight inclination of the axial of the columnar structures is observed.
This is consistent with Siabi-Garjan et al.s' results for columnar structures [28].
The coalescence of columnar structures has also been reported by previous atomistic simulations [9, 10].
Many articles reported that columnar structures and defects existed at the near interface region [8, 16].
The basic processing elements of our network are columnar structures, called minicolumns.
The GLancing Angle Deposition method (GLAD) is implemented to produce inclined columnar structures.
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