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The molecular ring is encoded as a fragment with two open bonds.
In the present paper, we report a more striking effect that, irrespective of stress concentration, soft matrices also suppress the birth rate in a bond cluster by increasing the local separation distance between open bonds.
Once the opposing surfaces are separated locally at open bonds by more than a critical distance, bond rebinding becomes hardly possible and the cluster is expected to undergo a catastrophic failure process.
The fact that biological tissues are stable over prolonged periods of time while individual receptor-ligand bonds only have limited lifetime underscores the critical importance of cooperative behaviors of multiple molecular bonds, in particular the competition between the rate of rupture of closed bonds (death rate) and the rate of rebinding of open bonds (birth rate) in a bond cluster.
Second, we have shown in this paper a more striking result that low stiffness of cell/matrix tends to increase local surface separation at open bonds and make them difficult to rebind, effectively killing the birth rate in a bond cluster.
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FINANCIAL MARKETS -- Stock Markets open; bond markets closed.
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Since the PEG molecules used did not have any open bonding on the end of their chain structure, we assume that the PEG molecules were adsorbed to coat the Au surfaces.
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