Governments including those of the U.S. and the U.K. should adopt reforms to address legal corruption and various forms of opacity--whether "dark corners" in Delaware, British Virgin Islands and the Kremlin, or oil traders headquartered in Geneva and London.
First, the patients were chosen randomly, regardless of whether they were phakic or pseudophakic, or if the lens had some degree of opacity or whether patients were diabetic or not diabetic.
It is also unknown whether the opacity of the lenses worsened with age.
Twelve criteria were then selected as key indicators of opacity, varying from whether there was formal banking secrecy or not, to whether accounts were required to be on public record, to how many tax information exchange agreements the jurisdictions had.
MR. BAKER'S inquiries were about subjects like the opacity of funds' trading costs, whether the pay and fund holdings of portfolio managers should be disclosed, how to ensure that shareholders get volume discounts to which they are entitled and the practice of placing initial public offerings in so-called incubator funds to enhance performance.
Such as US government surveillance program access to Facebook user data; how the company pervasively tracks its users around the rest of the web; and the complexity and opacity of its privacy policies — and whether Facebook is therefore obtaining legal consent from users to process their personal data.
Opacity, and questions about whether shareholders received fair prices for assets shifted between various entities, resulted in low-level grumbling among local investors.
Mr Galbraith, for his part, blames the industry's dodgy reputation mainly on the politicians, not the lobbyists.The problem is not so much outright corruption as opacity; citizens cannot tell whether political decisions are made for objective reasons or because politicians have been influenced by the best-funded lobbyists.
Armstrong's 1947 high-school yearbook photo was captioned "He thinks, he acts, tis done," a recognition of the seamless opacity that, two decades later, left Norman Mailer unable to decide whether Apollo 11's commander was "particularly innocent or subtly sinister".
While it is uncertain whether the short-sellers are correct about Diamond's accounting, there does appear to be opacity in the company's business.
The opacity of its infrastructure is disquieting.
