This article examines the empirical and theoretical basis of the claim that children master intonation before the onset of speech.
As can be seen from Fig. 5a, b, DDBSE can reduce the delay in the range of from frames 46 to 50, and that region represents the onset of speech.
Open image in new window Fig. 5 Left internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection with acute watershed infarct in a 42-year-old man with sudden onset of speech disturbance.
This real-time system is capable of delivering auditory stimuli, either pre-recorded or relayed directly from the microphone, through the headphones without noticeable delay (iteration delay less than 10 ms) from the onset of speech production.
Before onset of speech, the appropriate motor sequences should be selected for execution.
Families of children with DS and diagnosed with CVA stated that the onset of speech was late for their children (around 5 years).
According to family records, 90% of the children in the study had a delayed onset of speech, consistent with those of the literature.
When asked about the onset of speech in their children, 26.3% of families answered 2 years onwards, 17.6% said 3 years onwards, 14.1% replied 4 years onwards, 6% stated 5 years onwards, and 3.1% answered 6 years onwards.
Naming a picture is a complex cognitive process which, prior to onset of speech, involves visual recognition of the presented object(s), accessing the meaning (lexical-semantics) of the object, finding the correct word-form, and finally motor programming and preparation for articulation of the word [Indefrey and Levelt, 2004; Levelt et al., 1999].
Given the timing of scans relative to auditory stimulation, and the fact that the peak of the hemodynamic response occurs between 4 and 6 seconds [ 27], we would expect responses to the onset of speech stimuli to occur at around scan 2 and responses to the deviant stimulus to occur around scan 3.
