Experience from agriculture and public health indicates that resistance management strategies are most effective when implemented at the onset of control programs to prevent the selection of resistance, rather than responding after resistance genes have already spread [Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) 2011].
In contrast, at the onset of genome programs, we decided to set up a data structure for bacterial genomes that would help experimentalists to access knowledge on genes and genomes in an end user-oriented fashion.
Last, and more specific for programs aimed at preventing child maltreatment, the moment of onset of the program, and thus the age of the child at the start of the program, has been discussed as an important moderator of a program's effectiveness.
"After reviewing the efficacy and costs of this program, I have concluded that the efficacy has been as high or higher than I expected at the onset of the program and the costs the same or lower," William C. Dudley, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, said in a recent speech.
At the onset of the program, it was hypothesized that a JAK1 selective compound over JAK2 could lead to an improved therapeutic index relative to marketed non-selective JAK inhibitors by avoiding the clinical AEs, such as anemia, presumably associated with JAK2 inhibition.
Malaria has significantly decreased within 2 years after onset of intervention program.
Finally, our study was conducted 14 months after the onset of the program which might have induced a recall bias.
As a preassessment at the onset of the program, the students were asked to pick one essay question from the admissions application for their top college.
More particularly, they stated that before the onset of the program they were unaware that cervical cancer is caused by a sexually transmittable virus.
Donors and program implementers should also be more aware that a meaningful impact evaluation implies its conception at the onset of a program and an interest in impact beyond primary indicators.
