Besides supporting the predictive role of general cognitive vulnerability in the onset of postpartum depression, data offered additional information on the role of maternal specific attitudes and cognitions in the onset and maintenance of postpartum depression.
Hormones are vital for both the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy, parturition, and the onset of postpartum maternal behavior, with peptide hormones prolactin (Prl) and oxytocin (Oxt), and steroid hormones estrogen (E) and progesterone (P4) having key roles (reviewed in Brunton and Russell 2010).
Other regulatory mechanisms in the hypothalamus, hypophysis and ovary might play a role in the onset of first postpartum luteal activity [ 11].
With regard to secondary outcomes, women who planned to give birth at freestanding midwifery units were significantly more likely than women who planned to give birth at tertiary-level maternity units to have a spontaneous onset of labour, estimated postpartum blood loss of less than 500 mL or physiological management of third stage of labour.
Main outcome measure Pre-eclampsia defined as ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or both, on at least two occasions four hours apart after 20 weeks' gestation but before the onset of labour, or postpartum, with either proteinuria or any multisystem complication.
To ascertain the impact of postpartum onset (PPO) on the subsequent time course of mood disorders.
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of postpartum onset on mood disorder course.
This study examined the short-term risk of breastfeeding on the onset of RA in the postpartum period when hormone levels are undergoing major fluctuations.
Secondary maternal outcomes included type of onset of labour, use of analgesia, rates of postpartum haemorrhage, management of third stage of labour, rates of perineal trauma, stage of transfer and severe morbidity.
If the onset of lactogenesis occurs 72 h postpartum, it is defined as delayed.
Outcome measures suggest clinical evidence of an infectious response and include maternal admission white blood cell count, time to onset of preterm labor, clinical chorioamnionitis, postpartum fever, neonatal white-matter disease (intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia) at less than 33 weeks, neonatal sepsis, and neonatal death.
