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For many, the only probability values they know are "50-50" and "one in a million".
(Otherwise, the mathematical structure might yield only probability statements approaching random scatters, of little use to anyone).
In the end, I wondered about the only probability that really mattered to her students: the near certainty that having been cheated of their basic skills in mathematics, they were doomed to a mathematics education short on substance and driven by increasingly meaningless evaluations.
The only probability that remains to be found is p(r | S).
It would make sense to combine both terms precisely because frequency justifies a probability ascription in the given case, but only probability confers legitimacy on actions or contracts.
The principle of mathematical induction gives certainty, while the inductive generalizations in the natural sciences give only probability (1902: 27; 1913b: 30).
Similar(42)
Nature permits us to calculate only probabilities.
Joseph Rudman, a professor of applied statistics at Carnegie Mellon, agrees that even the best authorship-attribution studies could yield only probabilities.
For one thing, unlike Newtonian physics and Einstein's relativity, which elegantly explained the behavior of everything from the fall of apples to the motion of galaxies, quantum theory offered only probabilities for various outcomes, not rock-solid predictions.
Others find in his comments a distinction between natural science, where only probabilities can be achieved, and theology, where certainty is possible.
Reichenbach denied the claim, arguing that the deliverances of experience directly provide, not certainty for claims about qualia, but only probabilities for claims about ordinary things.
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