As Dr. Seamans concludes, we have a long way to go, not only in developing guidelines, but in finding ways to make it easier for patients and families to comply with safe use and disposal recommendations.
The federal guidelines required judges to elevate sentences from a base, or "presumptive," level whenever any of a wide range of enumerated aggravating factors was proven by a "preponderance of the evidence". Most of those factors were specified only in the guidelines, and not in statutes.
** Indicators that are only in one guideline and are used in more than one study.
For some indicators, there is no doubt about their relevance, they are in both guidelines and in more than one study, for instance, CD4 count cell, viral load; for others, the difference is that they are only in one guideline, but this doesn't make them less important.
So far, to the best of our knowledge, only in Germany explicit guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of TS exist (German Guidelines of child and adolescent psychiatry [ 8] and neurology [ 9]).
Furthermore, we propose two new validity criteria for Lemna gibba bioassays: variability of average specific and section-by-section segmented growth rate, complementary to average specific growth rate as the only validity criterion existing in guidelines for duckweed bioassays.
In contrast, developed countries and to a certain extent the WHO secretariat have insisted that benefit arrangements and IP rights should only be referred to in guidelines.
This is presumably because guidelines are based on medical evidence, and their development is time consuming; consequently, the results of medical progress appear in guidelines only after a delay, whereas physicians' practice is generally influenced by the most recently published articles [ 21].
This undesirable situation is also reflected by the fact that to the best of our knowledge in Europe there are currently only national guidelines in Germany [ 6, 11].
