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The first family has been designed for seismic and vertical loads according to European codes while the second one only for vertical loads, to study structures which have been constructed before the introduction of adequate seismic design code provisions.
Especially in the case of structure designed only for vertical loads, essence of the infill can be decisive under an unexpected earthquake, providing an additional contribution to the strength and to the stiffness.
Even when a metal frame panel was used only for vertical elements in the facade of a building with a conventional concrete structure, the simulations showed a 5% increase in annual energy use.
The performance of such beams has been considered only for vertical loads.
This phenomenon appears consistently also for other displacement directions (not shown here), not only for vertical ones which are equivalent to the horizontal ones due to symmetry, but also diagonal ones.
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This model differs from those previously appearing in the literature in that it is valid not only for vertical-ascent circular bubbles.
It also ensures that catastrophic impact is not only adjusted for vertical equity but is also able to adjust for the diminishing marginal utility of income.
The original flow loop only allowed for vertical up, vertical down, and horizontal flow.
The shear walls in these buildings often can bear walls and the steel frame which is only designed for vertical loads.
This fuel is heavy, making rockets practical only for short, vertical flights into space.
Only use bullets for vertical lists (do not use numbered lists).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com